【close】在多语言下的意思、翻译、词源、用法、例句

英语(English)

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) (from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *klāw- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock).

发音(Pronunciation)

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: klōz, IPA^(key): /kləʊz/
• (General American) enPR: klōz, IPA^(key): /kloʊz/
• Rhymes: -əʊz

• Audio (US)

• Homophone: clothes (in some dialects)

动词(Verb)

close (third-person singular simple present closes, present participle closing, simple past and past participle closed)

1. (physical) To remove a gap.
   1. To obstruct (an opening).
   2. To move so that an opening is closed.

      Close the door behind you when you leave.

      Jim was listening to headphones with his eyes closed.

      • 1816, Lord Byron, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Canto the Third, London: Printed for John Murray,[…], OCLC 1015450009, canto III, stanza LXXXIV:

        What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?

      • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 2, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

        If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.

   3. To make (e.g. a gap) smaller.

      The runner in second place is closing the gap on the leader.

      to close the ranks of an army

   4. To grapple; to engage in close combat.
      • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Phillip II

        They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.

2. (social) To finish, to terminate.
   1. To put an end to; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to consummate.

      close the session;   to close a bargain;   to close a course of instruction

      • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis; John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus.[…], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson[…], OCLC 80026745:

        One frugal supper did our studies close.

   2. To come to an end.

      The debate closed at six o'clock.

   3. (marketing) To make a sale.
   4. (baseball, pitching) To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.

      He has closed the last two games for his team.

   5. (figurative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
3. To come or gather around; to enclose; to encompass; to confine.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible,[…] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker,[…], OCLC 964384981, Jonah 2:5:

     The depth closed me round about.

   • 1633, George Herbert, The Church

     But now Thou dost Thyself immure and close / In some one corner of a feeble heart; / Where yet both Sinne and Satan, Thy old foes, / Do pinch and straiten Thee, and use much art / To gain Thy thirds' and little part.

4. (surveying) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.

同义词(Synonyms)

• (obstruct (an opening)): close off, close up, cover, shut, shut off
• (move (a door)): shut
• (put an end to): end, finish, terminate, wind up, close down
• (make (a gap) smaller): narrow
• (terminate a computer program): close out, exit

反义词(Antonyms)

• (obstruct (an opening)): open
• (move (a door)): open
• (put an end to): begin, commence, initiate, start
• (make (a gap) smaller): extend, widen
• (terminate a computer program): open, start

下义词(Hyponyms)

• autoclose

衍生词(Derived terms)

关联词(Related terms)

翻译(Translations)

名词(Noun)

close (plural closes)

1. An end or conclusion.

   We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close.

   • 1878, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Francis Atterbury”, in Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition:

     His long and troubled life was drawing to a close.

2. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses.[…], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, OCLC 1002865976; republished in The Odysseys of Homer,[…], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith,[…], 1857, OCLC 987451380:

     The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.

3. A grapple in wrestling.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Francis Bacon to this entry?)

4. (music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern;[…], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson,[…], OCLC 228732415:

     At every close she made, the attending throng / Replied, and bore the burden of the song.

5. (music) A double bar marking the end.
6. (aviation, travel) The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.

同义词(Synonyms)

• (end): end, finale

反义词(Antonyms)

• (end): beginning, start

翻译(Translations)

词源2(Etymology 2)

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

发音(Pronunciation)

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: klōs, IPA^(key): /kləʊs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kloʊs/

• Audio (UK)

• Audio (US)

• Rhymes: -əʊs

形容词(Adjective)

close (comparative closer, superlative closest)

1. (now rare) Closed, shut.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew chapter 8:

     There is nothinge so close, that shall not be openned, and nothinge so hyd that shall not be knowen.

   • 1830, Thomas Thomson (chemist) The History of Chemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 30-31:

     As the alchymists were assiduous workmen—as they mixed all the metals, salts, &c... and subjected such mixtures to the action of heat in close vessels, their labours were occasionally repaid by the discovery of new substances...

   • 1847, Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre, chapter 1:

     I mounted into the window-seat: gathering up my feet, I sat cross-legged, like a Turk; and, having drawn the red moreen curtain nearly close, I was shrined in double retirement.

2. Narrow; confined.

   a close alley; close quarters

   • 1836 March – 1837 October​, Charles Dickens, chapter 41, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall,[…], published 1837, OCLC 28228280:

     a close prison

3. At a little distance; near.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.

   • 2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

     Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

   Is your house close?

4. Intimate; well-loved.

   He is a close friend.

   1. (law) Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.
5. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.
   • 1631, [Francis Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries.[…], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee[…], OCLC 1044372886:

     If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close, [...] and the other maketh it exceeding unequal.

6. (Ireland, England, Scotland, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.
7. (linguistics, phonetics, of a vowel) Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.
8. Strictly confined; carefully guarded.

   a close prisoner

9. (obsolete) Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible,[…] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker,[…], OCLC 964384981, 1 Chronicles 12:1:

     He yet kept himself close because of Saul.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene.[…], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto I, stanza 57:

     her close intent

10. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced.

    a close contest

11. Short.

    to cut grass or hair close

12. (archaic) Dense; solid; compact.
    • 1690, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

      The golden globe being put into a press, [...] the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal.

13. (archaic) Concise; to the point.

    close reasoning

    • 1690, John Dryden, Translations (Preface)

      Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.

14. (dated) Difficult to obtain.

    Money is close.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Bartlett to this entry?)

15. (dated) Parsimonious; stingy.
    • 1820, John Keats, “Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil. A Story from Boccaccio.”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: Printed [by Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey,[…], OCLC 927360557, stanza XVII, page 57:

      Yet were these Florentines as self-retired / In hungry pride and gainful cowardice, / As two close Hebrews in that land inspired, / Paled in and vineyarded from beggar-spies; [...]

    • 1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Twice-Told Tales, Volume I: "Mr. Higginbotham's Catastrophe":

      [...] he was a crusty old fellow, as close as a vice.

    • 1852-1853, Charles Dickens, Bleak House

      Though a hard-grained man, close, dry, and silent, he can enjoy old wine with the best. He has a priceless bin of port in some artful cellar under the Fields, which is one of his many secrets.

16. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.

    a close translation

    (Can we find and add a quotation of John Locke to this entry?)

17. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.

    The patient was kept under close observation.

18. Marked, evident.

同义词(Synonyms)

• (at a little distance): close by, near, nearby; see also Thesaurus:near
• (intimate): intimate
• (hot, humid): muggy, oppressive; see also Thesaurus:muggy
• (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate): high
• (dense, solid, compact): see also Thesaurus:compact

反义词(Antonyms)

• (at a little distance): distant, far, faraway, far off, remote; see also Thesaurus:distant
• (intimate): aloof, cool, distant
• (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate): open

下义词(Hyponyms)

• thisclose
• ultra-close

衍生词(Derived terms)

翻译(Translations)

名词(Noun)

close (plural closes)

1. (now rare, chiefly Yorkshire) An enclosed field.
2. (chiefly British) A street that ends in a dead end.
3. (Scotland) A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.
4. (Scotland) The common staircase in a tenement.
5. A cathedral close.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 3, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323:

     closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.

6. (law) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Bouvier to this entry?)

同义词(Synonyms)

• (street): cul-de-sac
• (narrow alley): See Thesaurus:alley

翻译(Translations)

派生词(Descendants)

• → Irish: clós
• → Welsh: clos

变位词(Anagrams)

• Coles, coles, socle

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French

发音(Pronunciation)

• Audio

形容词(Adjective)

close

1. feminine singular of clos

动词(Verb)

close

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of clore
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of clore

Participle

close

1. feminine singular of the past participle of clore

变位词(Anagrams)

• socle

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中古英语(Middle English)

名词(Noun)

close

1. plural of cloth

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Portuguese

名词(Noun)

close m (plural closes)

1. (photography) close-up (photography in which the subject is shown at a large scale)

   Synonym: close-up

2. attitude