【do】在多语言下的意思、翻译、词源、用法、例句
英语(English)
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”).
The past tense form is from Middle English didde, dude, from Old English dyde, *diede, from Proto-Germanic *dedǭ/*dedē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti, an athematic e-reduplicated verb of the same root *dʰeh₁-.
The use of do in interrogative, negative, and, formerly, affirmative sentences, unusual in Germanic languages, is thought by some linguists to be a Brittonicism, calqued from Brythonic.[1] It is first recorded in Middle English, where it may have marked the perfective aspect, though in some cases the meaning seems to be imperfective. In Early Modern English, any meaning in such contexts was lost, making it a dummy auxiliary, and soon thereafter its use became mandatory in most questions and negation.
发音(Pronunciation)
- (UK) enPR: do͞o, IPA(key): /duː/
- (US, Canada) enPR: do͞o, IPA(key): /du/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /dʉː/
Audio (US) Audio (AU) - (colloquial; for some speakers, when "do" is unstressed and the next word starts with /j/) IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
- Rhymes: -uː
- Homophones: doo, doux
- Homophones: dew, due (in accents with yod-dropping)
动词(Verb)
do (third-person singular simple present does, present participle doing, simple past did, past participle done)
- (auxiliary) A syntactic marker.
- (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.
- Do you go there often?
- (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698, page 51:
- “Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.
- I do not go there often.
- Do not listen to him.
- (auxiliary) A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- “I don't know how you and the ‘head,’ as you call him, will get on, but I do know that if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […]”
- But I do go sometimes.
- Do tell us.
- It is important that he do come see me.
- (pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; in most dialects, not used with auxiliaries such as be, though it can be in AAVE.
- I play tennis; she does too.
- They don't think it be like it is, but it do.
- (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.
- (transitive) To perform; to execute.
- Synonyms: accomplish, carry out, functionate
- 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:
- The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing", […] and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
- All you ever do is surf the Internet. What will you do this afternoon?
- (obsolete, transitive) To cause, make (someone) (do something).
- 1490, Caxton, William, “Prologue”, in Eneydos; republished as Caxton's Eneydos, London: Early English Text Society, 1890, page 2:
- And also my lord abbot of westmynster ded do shewe to me late, certayn euydences wryton in olde englysshe […]
- 1590, Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene, book 2, canto 6:
- Sometimes to doe him laugh, she would assay / To laugh at shaking of the leaues light, / Or to behold the water worke […]
- 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie.[…], London: Imprinted for VVilliam Ponsonbie,[…], OCLC 15537294:
- a wicked malady reignd emongst men, that many did to die
- 1611, The Holy Bible,[…] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker,[…], OCLC 964384981, 2 Corinthians 8:1:
- Moreover, brethren, we do you to wit [i.e. we make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia.
- (intransitive, transitive) To suffice.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698, page 51:
- “Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.
- 1922, Williams, Margery, The Velveteen Rabbit:
- "Here," she said, "take your old Bunny! He'll do to sleep with you!" And she dragged the Rabbit out by one ear, and put him into the Boy's arms.
- it’s not the best broom, but it will have to do; this will do me, thanks.
- (intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.
- It simply will not do to have dozens of children running around such a quiet event.
- (ditransitive) To have (as an effect).
- The fresh air did him some good.
- (intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).
- 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
- Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
- Our relationship isn't doing very well; how do you do?
- (transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.
- What does Bob do? — He's a plumber.
- To perform the tasks or actions associated with (something).
- "Don't forget to do your report" means something quite different depending on whether you're a student or a programmer.
- To cook.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:cook
- 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men In a Boat:
- It seemed, from his account, that he was very good at doing scrambled eggs.
- 1944, News from the Suburbsbooks?id=VgMIAQAAIAAJ:
- We went down below, and the galley-slave did some ham and eggs, and the first lieutenant, who was aged 19, told me about Sicily, and time went like a flash.
- 2005, Alan Tansley, The Grease Monkey, page 99:
- Next morning, they woke about ten o'clock, Kev, went for a shower while Alice, did some toast, put the kettle on, and when he came out, she went in.
- I'll just do some eggs.
- (transitive) To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.
- 1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “Our Foreign Correspondent”, in Little Women: Or, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, OCLC 30743985, page 115:
- We 'did' London to our hearts' content,—thanks to Fred and Frank,—and were sorry to go away; […]
- 1892, James Batchelder, Multum in Parvo: Notes from the Life and Travels of James Batchelder[3], page 97:
- After doing Paris and its suburbs, I started for London […]
- 1968, July 22, “Ralph Schoenstein”, in Nice Place to Visit[4], page 28:
- No tourist can get credit for seeing America first without doing New York, the Wonderful Town, the Baghdad-on-Hudson, the dream in the eye of the Kansas hooker […]
- Let’s do New York also.
- (transitive) To treat in a certain way.
- 1894, (Please provide the book title or journal name)[5], volume 87, page 59:
- They did me well, I assure you — uncommon well: Bellinger of '84; green chartreuse fit for a prince; […]
- 1928, Sayers, Dorothy L[eigh], “The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers”, in Lord Peter Views the Body:
- Upon my word, although he [my host] certainly did me uncommonly well, I began to feel I'd be more at ease among the bushmen.
- (transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.
- 2018, Kate Atkinson, Transcription, →ISBN, page 291:
- The woman-who-did did not do very well, Juliet thought.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.
- 1611, The Holy Bible,[…] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker,[…], OCLC 964384981, 2 Kings 17:34:
- Unto this day they do after the former manners: they fear not the Lord, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law and commandment which the Lord commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel
- (transitive) To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)
- Synonym: serve
- I did five years for armed robbery.
- (transitive) To impersonate or depict.
- (with 'a' and the name of a person, place, event, etc.) To copy or emulate the actions or behaviour that is associated with the person or thing mentioned.
- He did a Henry VIII and got married six times.
- He was planning to do a 9/11.
- (transitive, slang) To kill.
- Synonyms: do in, murder, off, rub out; see also Thesaurus:kill
- 2003 August 17, George Pelecanos, “Bad Dreams”, in The Wire, season 2, episode 11, HBO, spoken by Omar Little (Michael K. Williams), 43:27 from the start:
- About a year ago, a boy name Brandon got got here in Baltimore. Stuck and burned before he passed. […] Wasn't no need for y'all to do him the way y'all did.
- 2007, E.J. Churchill, The Lazarus Code, page 153:
- The order came and I did him right there. The bullet went right where it was supposed to go.
- (transitive, slang) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.
- 1870,Charles Reade, Put Yourself in His Place
- Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, […] or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they call doing him.
- 1870,Charles Reade, Put Yourself in His Place
- (informal) To punish for a misdemeanor.
- He got done for speeding.
- Teacher'll do you for that!
- (transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)
- Synonyms: go to bed with, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with
- c. 1588–1593, [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus:[…] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington,[…], published 1594, OCLC 222241046, [Act IV, scene ii]:
- Deme. Villain what haſt thou done?
A. That which thou canſt not vndoe.
Chiron. Thou haſt vndone our mother.
Aron. Villaine I haue done thy mother.
- 1996, James Russell Kincaid, My Secret Life, page 81:
- […] one day I did her on the kitchen table, and several times on the dining-room table.
- 2008, On the Line, Donna Hill[8], page 84:
- The uninhibited woman within wanted to do him right there on the countertop, but I remained composed.
- (transitive) To cheat or swindle.
- Synonyms: defraud, diddle, mug off, rip off, scam; see also Thesaurus:deceive
- That guy just did me out of two hundred bucks!
- 1852, Thomas De Quincey, Sir William Hamilton
- He was not to be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent.
- (transitive) To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.
- the novel has just been done into English; I'm going to do this play into a movie
- (transitive, intransitive) To finish.
- (Britain, dated, intransitive) To work as a domestic servant (with for).
- Synonyms: attend, serve, wait on; see also Thesaurus:serve
- 1915, Frank Thomas Bullen, Recollections:
- I've left my key in my office in Manchester, my family are at Bournemouth, and the old woman who does for me goes home at nine o'clock.
- (archaic, dialectal, transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the present progressive of verbs.
- 1844, Barnes, William, “Evenén in the Village”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:
- ...An' the dogs do bark, an' the rooks be a-vled to the elems high and dark, an' the water do roar at mill.
- (stock exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.
- (informal, transitive, ditransitive) To make or provide.
- Synonyms: furnish, give, supply; see also Thesaurus:give
- Do they do haircuts there?
- Could you do me a burger with mayonnaise instead of ketchup?
- (informal, transitive) To injure (one's own body part).
- 2010 April 24, “Given stretchered off with suspected broken shoulder”, in The Irish Times[9], retrieved 2015-07-21:
- "Defender Kolo Toure admitted Given will be a loss, but gave his backing to Nielsen. 'I think he's done his shoulder,' said the Ivorian."
- 2014 April 14, Matt Cleary, “What do Australia's cricketers do on holiday?”, in ESPNcricinfo[10], retrieved 2015-07-21:
- "Watto will spend the entire winter stretching and doing Pilates, and do a hamstring after bending down to pick up his petrol cap after dropping it filling his car at Caltex Cronulla."
- 2014 August 13, Harry Thring, “I knew straight away I'd done my ACL: Otten”, in AFL.com.au[11], retrieved 2015-07-21:
- "'I knew straight away I'd done my ACL, I heard the sound - it was very loud and a few of the boys said they heard it as well,' Otten said."
- (transitive) To take drugs.
- I do cocaine.
- (transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.
- What's that car doing in our swimming pool?
动词变化形式(Conjugation)
用法注意(Usage notes)
- In older forms of English, when the pronoun thou was in active use, and verbs used -est for distinct second-person singular indicative forms, the verb do had two such forms: dost, in auxiliary uses, and doest, in other uses. The past tense of both forms is didst.
- Similarly, when the ending -eth was in active use for third-person singular present indicative forms, the form doth was used as an auxiliary, and the form doeth was used elsewhere.
反义词(Antonyms)
衍生词(Derived terms)
翻译(Translations)
查看更多(See also)
名词(Noun)
do (plural dos)
- (colloquial) A party, celebration, social function.
- Synonym: get-together
- We’re having a bit of a do on Saturday to celebrate my birthday.
- 2013, Russell Brand, Russell Brand and the GQ awards: 'It's amazing how absurd it seems' (in The Guardian, 13 September 2013)[12]
- After a load of photos and what-not, we descend the world's longest escalator, which are called that even as they de-escalate, and in we go to the main forum, a high ceilinged hall, full of circular cloth-draped, numbered tables, a stage at the front, the letters GQ, 12-foot high in neon at the back; this aside, though, neon forever the moniker of trash, this is a posh do, in an opera house full of folk in tuxes.
- (informal) A hairdo.
- 2012, Hannah Richell, The Secrets of the Tides, →ISBN, page 464:
- I like the new do.
- Nice do!
- Something that can or should be done (usually in the phrase dos and don'ts).
- (obsolete) A deed; an act.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Walter Scott to this entry?)
- (archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.
- 1689, John Selden, Table Talk
- A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.
- Synonym: to-do
- 1689, John Selden, Table Talk
- (obsolete, Britain, slang) A cheat; a swindler.
- (obsolete, Britain, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.
用法注意(Usage notes)
- For the plural of the noun, the spelling dos would be correct; do's is often used for the sake of legibility, but is sometimes considered incorrect. For the party, the term usually implies a social function of modest size and formality.
翻译(Translations)
词源2(Etymology 2)
From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.
替代形式(Alternative forms)
发音(Pronunciation)
- (UK) enPR: dō, IPA(key): /dəʊ/
- (US) enPR: dō, IPA(key): /doʊ/
Audio (US) - Rhymes: -əʊ
- Homophones: doe, dough, d'oh
名词(Noun)
do (plural dos)
- (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.
- Synonym: ut (archaic)
翻译(Translations)
查看更多(See also)
词源3(Etymology 3)
Short for ditto.
副词(Adverb)
do (not comparable)
词源4(Etymology 4)
Shortening of dozen.
数字化(Numeral)
do
- The cardinal number occurring after el and before do one in a duodecimal system. Written 10, decimal value 12.
查看更多(See also)
来源参考(References)
- do at OneLook Dictionary Search
变位词(Anagrams)
Albanian
替代形式(Alternative forms)
动词(Verb)
do
Bambara
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do
来源参考(References)
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Barai
名词(Noun)
do
来源参考(References)
- The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN)
Catalan
发音(Pronunciation)
词源1(Etymology 1)
名词(Noun)
do m (plural dons)
词源2(Etymology 2)
名词(Noun)
do m (plural dos)
Central Franconian
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Old High German dār (“there”).
发音(Pronunciation)
副词(Adverb)
do
词源2(Etymology 2)
From Old High German duo (“then”), variant of do, dō. Compare German da, Dutch toen.
替代形式(Alternative forms)
发音(Pronunciation)
- IPA(key): /doː/ (traditional)
- IPA(key): /dɔː/ (now sometimes by conflation with etymology 1 under standard German influence)
副词(Adverb)
do
- (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) then; back then (at a certain time in the past)
词源3(Etymology 3)
From Old High German du.
替代形式(Alternative forms)
发音(Pronunciation)
代词(Pronoun)
do
Czech
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Slavic *do.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do + genitive
- into, in (to the inside of)
- Vešel do místnosti. ― He walked into the room.
- Dostala se jí voda do bot. ― Water got in her boots.
- to, in (in the direction of, and arriving at; indicating destination)
- Jdeme do obchodu. ― We are walking to the shop.
- Přiletěli jsme do New Yorku. ― We arrived in New York.
- until (up to the time of)
- Zůstal tam až do neděle. ― He stayed there until Sunday.
- by (at some time before the given time)
- Ať jsi zpátky do desíti! ― Be back by ten o'clock!
查看更多(Further reading)
- do in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- do in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch
词源(Etymology)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do m or f (plural do's)
同义词(Synonyms)
- ut (archaic)
查看更多(See also)
Esperanto
词源1(Etymology 1)
名词(Noun)
do (accusative singular do-on, plural do-oj, accusative plural do-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter D.
查看更多(See also)
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
词源2(Etymology 2)
副词(Adverb)
do
Fala
词源(Etymology)
From Old Portuguese do, from de + o.
Preposition
do m (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)
- contraction of de o (“of the”).
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
- And if “a man’s homeland [i.e. “homeland of the man”] is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.
Faroese
词源(Etymology)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do n (genitive singular dos, plural do)
变化形式(Declension)
Declension of do | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | do | doið | do | doini |
accusative | do | doið | do | doini |
dative | doi | doinum | doum | dounum |
genitive | dos | dosins | doa | doanna |
French
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do m (plural do)
查看更多(Further reading)
- “do” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Galician
词源(Etymology)
From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine definite article o (“the”)
发音(Pronunciation)
Contraction
do m (feminine da, masculine plural dos, feminine plural das)
Haitian Creole
词源(Etymology)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do
- back (of the body)
Hunsrik
发音(Pronunciation)
副词(Adverb)
do
查看更多(Further reading)
Ido
副词(Adverb)
do
Irish
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Middle Irish ro-, from Old Irish ro-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro-.
替代形式(Alternative forms)
- d’ (used before vowels and lenited fh-)
发音(Pronunciation)
Particle
do (triggers lenition)
- (Munster, literary) prefixed before the preterite, imperfect and conditional forms of a verb
- do mhol sé ― he praised
词源2(Etymology 2)
Possibly related to the use of go in place a as the direct relative particle, influenced by Etymology 1.
发音(Pronunciation)
Particle
do (triggers lenition)
- (Munster, literary) relative marker (nominative, accusative)
- an cailín do mholann sé ― the girl that he praises
词源3(Etymology 3)
From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).
替代形式(Alternative forms)
- d’ (used before vowel sounds)
发音(Pronunciation)
- IPA(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /ɡə/ (as if spelled go; do and go (“to, up to, until”) have largely become conflated in this dialect)
Preposition
do (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- to, for
- do chara ― to a friend, for a friend
- used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect
- Tá sé do mo ghortú. ― It’s hurting me.
- Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí. ― He was inquiring about you sg.
- Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí. ― You pl were being overthrown.
Inflection
衍生词(Derived terms)
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
fara (“along with, beside”) | fairis an | fairis na | fara mo | fara do | farana | faranár | faranar | faranarb | faranarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
词源4(Etymology 4)
From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).
替代形式(Alternative forms)
发音(Pronunciation)
Determiner
do (triggers lenition)
- your (singular)
- Cá bhfuil do charr? ― Where is your car?
查看更多(See also)
查看更多(Further reading)
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “do”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- "do" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “do” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “do” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Italian
发音(Pronunciation)
- Rhymes: -ɔ
词源1(Etymology 1)
替代形式(Alternative forms)
- (rare) dò
动词(Verb)
do
词源2(Etymology 2)
名词(Noun)
do m
变位词(Anagrams)
Japanese
罗马化(Romanization)
do
Ladin
Preposition
do
Latin
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). The reduplication was lost in Latin in the present tense, but is preserved in the other Italic languages. A root aorist (from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t) is preserved in Venetic 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏 (doto); the other Italic perfect forms reflect a reduplicated stative, *dedai. However, the root aorist possibly served as the source of the Latin present forms.[1]
Cognates include Ancient Greek δίδωμι (dídōmi), Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (dā-).
发音(Pronunciation)
动词(Verb)
dō (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular
- I give
- Synonym: dōnō
- Tertium non datur.law of excluded middle
- A third [possibility] is not given: .
- I offer, render
- Synonym: dōnō
- c. 200 BC, Plautus Captivi ("the captives") (English and Latin text)
- Do tibi operam, Aristophontes, si quid est quod me velis.
- I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me. ("I offer labour to you, Aristophontes…)
- I yield, surrender, concede
- I adduce (e.g., a witness)
动词变化形式(Conjugation)
The passive can be seen as "to receive". For example, "Dor ūnum flōrem te," would mean, "I receive (I am given) a flower from you."
Conjugation of dō (first conjugation, irregular short a in most forms except dās and dā) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | dō | dās | dat | damus | datis | dant |
imperfect | dabam | dabās | dabat | dabāmus | dabātis | dabant | |
future | dabō | dabis | dabit | dabimus | dabitis | dabunt | |
perfect | dedī | dedistī | dedit | dedimus | dedistis | dedērunt, dedēre | |
pluperfect | dederam | dederās | dederat | dederāmus | dederātis | dederant | |
future perfect | dederō | dederis | dederit | dederimus | dederitis | dederint | |
passive | present | dor | daris, dare | datur | damur | daminī | dantur |
imperfect | dabar | dabāris, dabāre | dabātur | dabāmur | dabāminī | dabantur | |
future | dabor | daberis, dabere | dabitur | dabimur | dabiminī | dabuntur | |
perfect | datus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | datus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | datus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | dem | dēs | det | dēmus | dētis | dent |
imperfect | darem | darēs | daret | darēmus | darētis | darent | |
perfect | dederim | dederīs | dederit | dederīmus | dederītis | dederint | |
pluperfect | dedissem | dedissēs | dedisset | dedissēmus | dedissētis | dedissent | |
passive | present | der | dēris, dēre | dētur | dēmur | dēminī | dentur |
imperfect | darer | darēris, darēre | darētur | darēmur | darēminī | darentur | |
perfect | datus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | datus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | dā | — | — | date | — |
future | — | datō | datō | — | datōte | dantō | |
passive | present | — | dare | — | — | daminī | — |
future | — | dator | dator | — | — | dantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | dare | dedisse | datūrum esse | darī | datum esse | datum īrī | |
participles | dāns | — | datūrus | — | datus | dandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
dandī | dandō | dandum | dandō | datum | datū |
衍生词(Derived terms)
派生词(Descendants)
- Aromanian: dau, dari
- Corsican: dà
- Dalmatian: dur
- Emilian: dèr
- Friulian: dâ
- Istriot: dà
- Interlingua: dar
- Istro-Romanian: dåu
- Ladin: dé, dèr
- Ligurian: dâ
- Lombard: da, daa
- Navarro-Aragonese: dar
- Aragonese: dar
- Neapolitan: dà
- Italian: dare
- Old Leonese: dar
- Old Portuguese: dar
- Old Occitan: dar
- Old Spanish: dar
- Piedmontese: dé
- Romagnol: dê
- Romanian: da, dare
- Romansch: dar, der
- Sabir: dar, dara
- Sardinian: dàe, dai, dare
- Sicilian: dari, rari
- Tarantino: dare
- Venetian: dar
查看更多(Further reading)
- do in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- do in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- do in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
来源参考(References)
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Ligurian
发音(Pronunciation)
Contraction
do
Lower Sorbian
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Slavic *do.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do (with genitive)
- to, into
- 1998, Erwin Hannusch, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bauzten: Domowina, →ISBN, p. 30:
- Jana chójźi hyšći do šule, wóna jo wuknica.
- Jana still goes to school; she is a schoolgirl.
- do Chóśebuza ― to Cottbus
- do jsy ― to the village, into the village
- do wognja ― into the fire
- do njebja ― to heaven
- 1998, Erwin Hannusch, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bauzten: Domowina, →ISBN, p. 30:
查看更多(Further reading)
- do in Ernst Muka/Mucke (St. Petersburg and Prague 1911–28): Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow / Wörterbuch der nieder-wendischen Sprache und ihrer Dialekte. Reprinted 2008, Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
- do in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
Luxembourgish
发音(Pronunciation)
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Proto-Germanic *þar.
副词(Adverb)
do
- there, in that place
词源2(Etymology 2)
动词(Verb)
do
Norwegian Bokmål
词源1(Etymology 1)
Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.
名词(Noun)
do m or n (definite singular doen or doet, indefinite plural doer or do, definite plural doene or doa)
衍生词(Derived terms)
词源2(Etymology 2)
名词(Noun)
do m
- do (the musical note)
来源参考(References)
- “do” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
词源1(Etymology 1)
Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do m or n (definite singular doen or doet, indefinite plural doar or do, definite plural doane or doa)
词源2(Etymology 2)
副词(Adverb)
do
衍生词(Derived terms)
For other terms please refer to do (Bokmål) for the time being.
词源3(Etymology 3)
From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do m (definite singular do-en, indefinite plural do-ar, definite plural do-ane)
- (music) do, a syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.
相关搭配(Coordinate terms)
词源4(Etymology 4)
动词(Verb)
do
来源参考(References)
- “do” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
变位词(Anagrams)
Old Irish
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Celtic *do (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun.)
Inflection
Combinations with a definite article:
Combinations with a possessive determiner:
Combinations with a relative pronoun:
- dia· (“to/for whom/which”)
替代形式(Alternative forms)
代词(Pronoun)
do
- Alternative spelling of dó
副词(Adverb)
do
- Alternative spelling of dó
查看更多(Further reading)
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 do”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 274, 506
Pennsylvania German
词源(Etymology)
副词(Adverb)
do
- here
- Heit iss en Feierdaag do in Amerikaa.
- Today is a holiday here in America.
Polish
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do, whence English to.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do (+ genitive)
查看更多(Further reading)
- do in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- do in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
替代形式(Alternative forms)
- d'o (dated)
词源(Etymology)
From Old Portuguese do, from de (“of”) + o (“the”). Akin to Spanish del and French du.
发音(Pronunciation)
- (Portugal, Brazil) IPA(key): /du/
- (South Brazil) IPA(key): /do/
- (Azores, Madeira) IPA(key): /dø/
- Hyphenation: do
Contraction
do (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)
- Contraction of de o (“pertaining or relating to the”); of the; from the (masculine singular)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:
- Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!
- I was hoping to meet you before dinner!
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:do.
查看更多(See also)
Saterland Frisian
发音(Pronunciation)
词源1(Etymology 1)
See the etymology of the main entry.
Article
do
词源2(Etymology 2)
From Old Frisian thā, from Proto-Germanic *þan.
副词(Adverb)
do
来源参考(References)
Scottish Gaelic
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).
代词(Pronoun)
do
- your (informal singular)
- Bha iongantach do ghràdh dhomh. ― Wonderful was thy love for me.
用法注意(Usage notes)
- Lenites the following word.
- Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form d'.
- Bidh cuimhn’ agam ort, air d’ anam ghrinn. ― I will remember thee, thy dear soul.
词源2(Etymology 2)
From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“to”).
Preposition
do
- to
- Bha e a' siubhal do Shasainn an-uiridh. ― He travelled to England last year.
- for
- Do dh'ar beatha, dhut, dhèanainn e. ― For our life, for thee, I would do it.
用法注意(Usage notes)
- Lenites the following word.
- Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form do dh'.
- Tha sinn a' dol do dh'Ìle. ― We are going to Islay.
- If the definite article in the singular follows, it combines with do into don:
- Fàilte don dùthaich. ― Welcome to the country.
同义词(Synonyms)
衍生词(Derived terms)
- an dèidh do
- 's urrainn do
- The following prepositional pronouns:
Person | Number | Prepositional pronoun | Prepositional pronoun (emphatic) |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | 1st | dhomh | dhomhsa |
2nd | dhut | dhutsa | |
3rd m | dha | dhasan | |
3rd f | dhi | dhise | |
Plural | 1st | dhuinn | dhuinne |
2nd | dhuibh | dhuibhse | |
3rd | dhaibh | dhaibhsan |
Serbo-Croatian
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.
发音(Pronunciation)
副词(Adverb)
dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏)
- only, except
- ni(t)ko do ja ― nobody but me, only me
- ne jede ništa do komad hljeba/hleba ― he eats nothing except a piece of bread
- around, approximately
- do dva metra ― around two meters
- do 5 kila ― around five kilograms
- due to, because of
- to je do hrane ― that's due to the food
Preposition
dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏) (+ genitive case)
- up to, to, until, as far as, by
- od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade
- od jutra do mraka / od 5 do 10 sati ― from morning to night / from 5 to 10 o'clock
- od vrha do dna ― from top to bottom
- do r(ij)eke ― as far as the river
- sad je pet do sedam ― now it's five minutes to seven
- do poned(j)eljka ― by Monday
- do sada ― so far, thus far, till now
- do nedavna ― until recently
- do dana današnjega ― to this very day
- sve do ― as far as up to, all the way to
- do kuda ― how far
- do tuda ― thus far, up to here
- before (= prȉje/prȅ)
- do rata ― before the war
- beside, next (to)
- s(j)edi do mene ― sit next to me
- jedan do drugoga ― side by side
- (by extension, idiomatic and figurative meanings) up to one; interested in; feel like
- nije mi do toga ― I don't feel like doing that
- nije mi do sm(ij)eha ― I don't feel like laughing
- njemu je samo do seksa ― he is only interested in sex
- nije mi puno stalo do toga ― I'm not very much interested in that
- nije do mene ― it's not up to me, it's no me to lame
词源2(Etymology 2)
From Proto-Slavic *dolъ.
替代形式(Alternative forms)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑)
变化形式(Declension)
衍生词(Derived terms)
词源3(Etymology 3)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑) (indeclinable)
来源参考(References)
Slovak
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Slavic *do.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do (+ genitive)
查看更多(Further reading)
- do in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
Slovene
词源(Etymology)
From Proto-Slavic *do.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do
查看更多(Further reading)
- “do”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
发音(Pronunciation)
词源1(Etymology 1)
名词(Noun)
do m (plural dos)
查看更多(See also)
词源2(Etymology 2)
From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + adverb o (“in where”).
副词(Adverb)
do
代词(Pronoun)
do
衍生词(Derived terms)
Taworta
名词(Noun)
do
查看更多(Further reading)
Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Turkish
名词(Noun)
do
- C (musical note)
Venetian
动词(Verb)
do
- first-person singular present indicative of dar (“I give”)
Vietnamese
词源(Etymology)
Sino-Vietnamese word from 由.
发音(Pronunciation)
Preposition
do
- (neutral passive voice marker) by
- Hầu hết các mô hình dưỡng lão đều do nhà nước bảo trợ, […]
- Most of the aged care models are sponsored by the state, […]
- because of; due to
关联词(Related terms)
Volapük
Conjunction
do
Welsh
发音(Pronunciation)
词源1(Etymology 1)
副词(Adverb)
do
用法注意(Usage notes)
- Used to express an affirmative answer to verbs in the past tense.
词源2(Etymology 2)
替代形式(Alternative forms)
动词(Verb)
do
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
do | ddo | no | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
词源3(Etymology 3)
名词(Noun)
do
- Soft mutation of to.
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
to | do | nho | tho |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West Frisian
词源1(Etymology 1)
From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
发音(Pronunciation)
代词(Pronoun)
do
Inflection
替代形式(Alternative forms)
- dû (Wood)
查看更多(Further reading)
- “do (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
词源2(Etymology 2)
From Old Frisian *dūve, from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ.
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do c (plural dowen, diminutive doke)
查看更多(Further reading)
- “do (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
词源3(Etymology 3)
发音(Pronunciation)
名词(Noun)
do c (plural do's)
- do (musical note)
查看更多(Further reading)
- “do (IV)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Zazaki
词源(Etymology)
Related to Persian دوغ (duğ) and Tajik дуғ (duġ).
名词(Noun)
do ?
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- en:Music
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- ca:Music
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- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
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- ht:Anatomy
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- Luxembourgish non-lemma forms
- Luxembourgish verb forms
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle Low German
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk adverbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Italian
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Italian
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with homophones
- nn:Music
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk obsolete verb forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk eponyms
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish prepositions
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish prepositional pronouns
- Old Irish adverbs
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German adverbs
- Pennsylvania German terms with usage examples
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prepositions
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese contractions
- Portuguese terms with quotations
- Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Saterland Frisian non-lemma forms
- Saterland Frisian article forms
- Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Saterland Frisian lemmas
- Saterland Frisian conjunctions
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic pronouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with audio links
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian adverbs
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian prepositions
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- Bosnian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Italian
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Italian
- sh:Music
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak terms with audio links
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak prepositions
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene prepositions
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms borrowed from Italian
- Spanish terms derived from Italian
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish adverbs
- Spanish terms with obsolete senses
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish calques
- Taworta lemmas
- Taworta nouns
- tbp:Fire
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Venetian non-lemma forms
- Venetian verb forms
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese prepositions
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük conjunctions
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh adverbs
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh colloquialisms
- Welsh mutated nouns
- Welsh soft-mutation forms
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- Clay Frisian
- West Frisian terms with usage examples
- West Frisian nouns
- West Frisian common-gender nouns
- West Frisian terms borrowed from Italian
- West Frisian terms derived from Italian
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki nouns
- zza:Beverages