万维词典

【do】在多语言下的意思、翻译、词源、用法、例句

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "do"

英语(English)

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”).

The past tense form is from Middle English didde, dude, from Old English dyde, *diede, from Proto-Germanic *dedǭ/*dedē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti, an athematic e-reduplicated verb of the same root *dʰeh₁-.

The use of do in interrogative, negative, and, formerly, affirmative sentences, unusual in Germanic languages, is thought by some linguists to be a Brittonicism, calqued from Brythonic.[1] It is first recorded in Middle English, where it may have marked the perfective aspect, though in some cases the meaning seems to be imperfective. In Early Modern English, any meaning in such contexts was lost, making it a dummy auxiliary, and soon thereafter its use became mandatory in most questions and negation.

发音(Pronunciation)

动词(Verb)

do (third-person singular simple present does, present participle doing, simple past did, past participle done)

  1. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker.
    1. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.
      Do you go there often?
    2. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.
      I do not go there often.
      Do not listen to him.
    3. (auxiliary) A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.
      • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
        “I don't know how you and the ‘head,’ as you call him, will get on, but I do know that if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […]”
      But I do go sometimes.
      Do tell us.
      It is important that he do come see me.
    4. (pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; in most dialects, not used with auxiliaries such as be, though it can be in AAVE.
      I play tennis; she does too.
      They don't think it be like it is, but it do.
  2. (transitive) To perform; to execute.
    Synonyms: accomplish, carry out, functionate
    • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:
      The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing", […] and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
    All you ever do is surf the Internet. What will you do this afternoon?
  3. (obsolete, transitive) To cause, make (someone) (do something).
  4. (intransitive, transitive) To suffice.
    it’s not the best broom, but it will have to do;  this will do me, thanks.
  5. (intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.
    It simply will not do to have dozens of children running around such a quiet event.
  6. (ditransitive) To have (as an effect).
    The fresh air did him some good.
  7. (intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).
    • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
    Our relationship isn't doing very well;  how do you do?
  8. (transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.
    What does Bob do? — He's a plumber.
  9. To perform the tasks or actions associated with (something).
    "Don't forget to do your report" means something quite different depending on whether you're a student or a programmer.
  10. To cook.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:cook
    • 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men In a Boat:
      It seemed, from his account, that he was very good at doing scrambled eggs.
    • 1944, News from the Suburbs‎books?id=VgMIAQAAIAAJ:
      We went down below, and the galley-slave did some ham and eggs, and the first lieutenant, who was aged 19, told me about Sicily, and time went like a flash.
    • 2005, Alan Tansley, The Grease Monkey, page 99:
      Next morning, they woke about ten o'clock, Kev, went for a shower while Alice, did some toast, put the kettle on, and when he came out, she went in.
    I'll just do some eggs.
  11. (transitive) To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.
    • 1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “Our Foreign Correspondent”, in Little Women: Or, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, OCLC 30743985, page 115:
      We 'did' London to our hearts' content,—thanks to Fred and Frank,—and were sorry to go away; […]
    • 1892, James Batchelder, Multum in Parvo: Notes from the Life and Travels of James Batchelder‎[3], page 97:
      After doing Paris and its suburbs, I started for London […]
    • 1968, July 22, “Ralph Schoenstein”, in Nice Place to Visit‎[4], page 28:
      No tourist can get credit for seeing America first without doing New York, the Wonderful Town, the Baghdad-on-Hudson, the dream in the eye of the Kansas hooker […]
    Let’s do New York also.
  12. (transitive) To treat in a certain way.
    • 1894, (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[5], volume 87, page 59:
      They did me well, I assure you — uncommon well: Bellinger of '84; green chartreuse fit for a prince; […]
    • 1928, Sayers, Dorothy L[eigh], “The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers”, in Lord Peter Views the Body:
      Upon my word, although he [my host] certainly did me uncommonly well, I began to feel I'd be more at ease among the bushmen.
    • 1994, Jervey Tervalon, Understand This‎[6], →ISBN, page 50:
      "Why you gonna do me like that?" I ask. "Do what?" "Dog me."
  13. (transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.
    • 2018, Kate Atkinson, Transcription, →ISBN, page 291:
      The woman-who-did did not do very well, Juliet thought.
  14. (intransitive, obsolete) To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.
  15. (transitive) To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)
    Synonym: serve
    I did five years for armed robbery.
  16. (transitive) To impersonate or depict.
    Synonyms: imitate, personate, take off
    They really laughed when he did Clinton, with a perfect accent and a leer.
  17. (with 'a' and the name of a person, place, event, etc.) To copy or emulate the actions or behaviour that is associated with the person or thing mentioned.
    He did a Henry VIII and got married six times.
    He was planning to do a 9/11.
  18. (transitive, slang) To kill.
    Synonyms: do in, murder, off, rub out; see also Thesaurus:kill
    • 2003 August 17, George Pelecanos, “Bad Dreams”, in The Wire, season 2, episode 11, HBO, spoken by Omar Little (Michael K. Williams), 43:27 from the start:
      About a year ago, a boy name Brandon got got here in Baltimore. Stuck and burned before he passed. […] Wasn't no need for y'all to do him the way y'all did.
    • 2004, Patrick Stevens, Politics Is the Greatest Game: A Johannesburg Liberal Lampoon‎[7], →ISBN, page 314:
      He's gonna do me, Jarvis. I kid you not, this time he's gonna do me proper.
    • 2007, E.J. Churchill, The Lazarus Code, page 153:
      The order came and I did him right there. The bullet went right where it was supposed to go.
  19. (transitive, slang) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.
    • 1870,Charles Reade, Put Yourself in His Place
      Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, […] or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they call doing him.
  20. (informal) To punish for a misdemeanor.
    He got done for speeding.
    Teacher'll do you for that!
  21. (transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)
    Synonyms: go to bed with, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with
  22. (transitive) To cheat or swindle.
    Synonyms: defraud, diddle, mug off, rip off, scam; see also Thesaurus:deceive
    That guy just did me out of two hundred bucks!
    • 1852, Thomas De Quincey, Sir William Hamilton
      He was not to be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent.
  23. (transitive) To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.
    the novel has just been done into English;  I'm going to do this play into a movie
  24. (transitive, intransitive) To finish.
  25. (Britain, dated, intransitive) To work as a domestic servant (with for).
    Synonyms: attend, serve, wait on; see also Thesaurus:serve
    • 1915, Frank Thomas Bullen, Recollections:
      I've left my key in my office in Manchester, my family are at Bournemouth, and the old woman who does for me goes home at nine o'clock.
  26. (archaic, dialectal, transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the present progressive of verbs.
    • 1844, Barnes, William, “Evenén in the Village”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:
      ...An' the dogs do bark, an' the rooks be a-vled to the elems high and dark, an' the water do roar at mill.
  27. (stock exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.
  28. (informal, transitive, ditransitive) To make or provide.
    Synonyms: furnish, give, supply; see also Thesaurus:give
    Do they do haircuts there?
    Could you do me a burger with mayonnaise instead of ketchup?
  29. (informal, transitive) To injure (one's own body part).
    • 2010 April 24, “Given stretchered off with suspected broken shoulder”, in The Irish Times‎[9], retrieved 2015-07-21:
      "Defender Kolo Toure admitted Given will be a loss, but gave his backing to Nielsen. 'I think he's done his shoulder,' said the Ivorian."
    • 2014 April 14, Matt Cleary, “What do Australia's cricketers do on holiday?”, in ESPNcricinfo‎[10], retrieved 2015-07-21:
      "Watto will spend the entire winter stretching and doing Pilates, and do a hamstring after bending down to pick up his petrol cap after dropping it filling his car at Caltex Cronulla."
    • 2014 August 13, Harry Thring, “I knew straight away I'd done my ACL: Otten”, in AFL.com.au‎[11], retrieved 2015-07-21:
      "'I knew straight away I'd done my ACL, I heard the sound - it was very loud and a few of the boys said they heard it as well,' Otten said."
  30. (transitive) To take drugs.
    I do cocaine.
  31. (transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.
    What's that car doing in our swimming pool?
动词变化形式(Conjugation)
conjugation of do
用法注意(Usage notes)
  • In older forms of English, when the pronoun thou was in active use, and verbs used -est for distinct second-person singular indicative forms, the verb do had two such forms: dost, in auxiliary uses, and doest, in other uses. The past tense of both forms is didst.
  • Similarly, when the ending -eth was in active use for third-person singular present indicative forms, the form doth was used as an auxiliary, and the form doeth was used elsewhere.
反义词(Antonyms)
衍生词(Derived terms)
翻译(Translations)

See do/translations § Verb.

查看更多(See also)

名词(Noun)

do (plural dos)

  1. (colloquial) A party, celebration, social function.
    Synonym: get-together
    We’re having a bit of a do on Saturday to celebrate my birthday.
    • 2013, Russell Brand, Russell Brand and the GQ awards: 'It's amazing how absurd it seems' (in The Guardian, 13 September 2013)[12]
      After a load of photos and what-not, we descend the world's longest escalator, which are called that even as they de-escalate, and in we go to the main forum, a high ceilinged hall, full of circular cloth-draped, numbered tables, a stage at the front, the letters GQ, 12-foot high in neon at the back; this aside, though, neon forever the moniker of trash, this is a posh do, in an opera house full of folk in tuxes.
  2. (informal) A hairdo.
    • 2012, Hannah Richell, The Secrets of the Tides, →ISBN, page 464:
      I like the new do.
    Nice do!
  3. Something that can or should be done (usually in the phrase dos and don'ts).
  4. (obsolete) A deed; an act.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Walter Scott to this entry?)
  5. (archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.
    • 1689, John Selden, Table Talk
      A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.
    Synonym: to-do
  6. (obsolete, Britain, slang) A cheat; a swindler.
  7. (obsolete, Britain, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.
用法注意(Usage notes)
  • For the plural of the noun, the spelling dos would be correct; do's is often used for the sake of legibility, but is sometimes considered incorrect. For the party, the term usually implies a social function of modest size and formality.
翻译(Translations)

See do/translations § Noun.

词源2(Etymology 2)

From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.

替代形式(Alternative forms)

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do (plural dos)

  1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.
    Synonym: ut (archaic)
翻译(Translations)

See do/translations § Noun.

查看更多(See also)

names for musical notes

词源3(Etymology 3)

Short for ditto.

副词(Adverb)

do (not comparable)

  1. (rare) Abbreviation of ditto.[2]

词源4(Etymology 4)

Shortening of dozen.

数字化(Numeral)

do

  1. The cardinal number occurring after el and before do one in a duodecimal system. Written 10, decimal value 12.

查看更多(See also)

来源参考(References)

  • do at OneLook Dictionary Search
  1. ^ John McWhorter (2009) , chapter 1, in Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English‎[1], reprint edition, United States of America: Penguin, →ISBN, pages 1–7
  2. ^ “The O'Connell National Statue”, in The Freeman's Journal‎[2], Dublin, 23 October 1862, page 2

变位词(Anagrams)

Albanian

替代形式(Alternative forms)

动词(Verb)

do

  1. second/third-person singular present indicative of dua

Bambara

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do

  1. group

来源参考(References)

Barai

名词(Noun)

do

  1. water

来源参考(References)

  • The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN)

Catalan

发音(Pronunciation)

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Latin dōnum (“gift”)

名词(Noun)

do m (plural dons)

  1. gift
  2. talent

词源2(Etymology 2)

Borrowed from Italian do.

名词(Noun)

do m (plural dos)

  1. (music) do (first note of diatonic scale)

Central Franconian

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Old High German dār (“there”).

发音(Pronunciation)

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. here; there; in this or that place

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Old High German duo (“then”), variant of do, dō. Compare German da, Dutch toen.

替代形式(Alternative forms)

  • du, dunn (southern Moselle Francoinan)

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /doː/ (traditional)
  • IPA(key): /dɔː/ (now sometimes by conflation with etymology 1 under standard German influence)

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) then; back then (at a certain time in the past)

词源3(Etymology 3)

From Old High German du.

替代形式(Alternative forms)

  • du (many dialects)
  • dou (some dialects of Moselle Franconian)
  • de (unstressed form)

发音(Pronunciation)

代词(Pronoun)

do

  1. (few dialects, including Kölsch) thou; you (singular)

Czech

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do + genitive

  1. into, in (to the inside of)
    Vešel do místnosti. ― He walked into the room.
    Dostala se jí voda do bot. ― Water got in her boots.
  2. to, in (in the direction of, and arriving at; indicating destination)
    Jdeme do obchodu. ― We are walking to the shop.
    Přiletěli jsme do New Yorku. ― We arrived in New York.
  3. until (up to the time of)
    Zůstal tam až do neděle. ― He stayed there until Sunday.
  4. by (at some time before the given time)
    Ať jsi zpátky do desíti! ― Be back by ten o'clock!

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Dutch

词源(Etymology)

From Italian do (“the note”).

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /doː/
  • Audio
  • Hyphenation: do
  • Rhymes: -oː

名词(Noun)

do m or f (plural do's)

  1. do, the musical note
  2. (Belgium) C, the musical note

同义词(Synonyms)

  • ut (archaic)

查看更多(See also)

Esperanto

词源1(Etymology 1)

名词(Noun)

do (accusative singular do-on, plural do-oj, accusative plural do-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D.

查看更多(See also)

词源2(Etymology 2)

From French donc.

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. therefore, then, so (with conclusion), indeed, however

Fala

词源(Etymology)

From Old Portuguese do, from de + o.

Preposition

do m (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)

  1. contraction of de o (“of the”).
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
      And if “a man’s homeland [i.e. “homeland of the man”] is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Faroese

词源(Etymology)

Borrowed from Italian do.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do n (genitive singular dos, plural do)

  1. (music) do

变化形式(Declension)

Declension of do
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative do doið do doini
accusative do doið do doini
dative doi doinum doum dounum
genitive dos dosins doa doanna

French

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do m (plural do)

  1. (music) do, the note 'C'.
    Synonym: ut

查看更多(Further reading)

Galician

词源(Etymology)

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine definite article o (“the”)

发音(Pronunciation)

Contraction

do m (feminine da, masculine plural dos, feminine plural das)

  1. of the; from the; 's
    cabalo do demo ― demon's horse ("dragonfly")

Haitian Creole

词源(Etymology)

From French dos (“back”)

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do

  1. back (of the body)

Hunsrik

发音(Pronunciation)

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. here
    Synonyms: hie, hier
    Die Fraa is nimmi do. ― The woman isn't here anymore.
  2. then; so
    Synonym: dann
    Do sim-mer fortgesprung. ― Then we fled.

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Ido

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. so, therefore

Irish

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Middle Irish ro-, from Old Irish ro-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro-.

替代形式(Alternative forms)

  • d’ (used before vowels and lenited fh-)

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/

Particle

do (triggers lenition)

  1. (Munster, literary) prefixed before the preterite, imperfect and conditional forms of a verb
    do mhol sé ― he praised

词源2(Etymology 2)

Possibly related to the use of go in place a as the direct relative particle, influenced by Etymology 1.

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/

Particle

do (triggers lenition)

  1. (Munster, literary) relative marker (nominative, accusative)
    an cailín do mholann sé ― the girl that he praises

词源3(Etymology 3)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).

替代形式(Alternative forms)

  • d’ (used before vowel sounds)

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɔ/, /d̪ˠə/
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /ɡə/ (as if spelled go; do and go (“to, up to, until”) have largely become conflated in this dialect)

Preposition

do (plus dative, triggers lenition)

  1. to, for
    do chara ― to a friend, for a friend
  2. used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect
    Tá sé do mo ghortú. ― It’s hurting me.
    Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí. ― He was inquiring about you sg.
    Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí. ― You pl were being overthrown.
Inflection
Inflection of do
衍生词(Derived terms)
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
fara (“along with, beside”) fairis an fairis na fara mo fara do farana faranár faranar faranarb faranarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

词源4(Etymology 4)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).

替代形式(Alternative forms)

发音(Pronunciation)

Determiner

do (triggers lenition)

  1. your (singular)
    Cá bhfuil do charr? ― Where is your car?

查看更多(See also)

Irish personal pronouns

查看更多(Further reading)

Italian

发音(Pronunciation)

词源1(Etymology 1)

替代形式(Alternative forms)

动词(Verb)

do

  1. first-person singular indicative present of dare

词源2(Etymology 2)

名词(Noun)

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

do m

  1. do (musical note)
  2. C (musical note or key)

变位词(Anagrams)

Japanese

罗马化(Romanization)

do

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ど
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ド

Ladin

Preposition

do

  1. behind
    Antonym: dant
  2. before (time)

Latin

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). The reduplication was lost in Latin in the present tense, but is preserved in the other Italic languages. A root aorist (from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t) is preserved in Venetic 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏 (doto); the other Italic perfect forms reflect a reduplicated stative, *dedai. However, the root aorist possibly served as the source of the Latin present forms.[1]

Cognates include Ancient Greek δίδωμι (dídōmi), Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (dā-).

发音(Pronunciation)

动词(Verb)

dō (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular

  1. I give
    Synonym: dōnō
    Tertium non datur.law of excluded middle
    A third [possibility] is not given: .
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.12:
      Honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam, ut sis longaevus super terram, quam Dominus Deus tuus dabit tibi.
      Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
  2. I offer, render
    Synonym: dōnō
    • c. 200 BC, Plautus Captivi ("the captives") (English and Latin text)
      Do tibi operam, Aristophontes, si quid est quod me velis.
      I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me. ("I offer labour to you, Aristophontes…)
  3. I yield, surrender, concede
  4. I adduce (e.g., a witness)

动词变化形式(Conjugation)

The passive can be seen as "to receive". For example, "Dor ūnum flōrem te," would mean, "I receive (I am given) a flower from you."

   Conjugation of dō (first conjugation, irregular short a in most forms except dās and dā)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dō dās dat damus datis dant
imperfect dabam dabās dabat dabāmus dabātis dabant
future dabō dabis dabit dabimus dabitis dabunt
perfect dedī dedistī dedit dedimus dedistis dedērunt, dedēre
pluperfect dederam dederās dederat dederāmus dederātis dederant
future perfect dederō dederis dederit dederimus dederitis dederint
passive present dor daris, dare datur damur daminī dantur
imperfect dabar dabāris, dabāre dabātur dabāmur dabāminī dabantur
future dabor daberis, dabere dabitur dabimur dabiminī dabuntur
perfect datus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect datus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect datus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dem dēs det dēmus dētis dent
imperfect darem darēs daret darēmus darētis darent
perfect dederim dederīs dederit dederīmus dederītis dederint
pluperfect dedissem dedissēs dedisset dedissēmus dedissētis dedissent
passive present der dēris, dēre dētur dēmur dēminī dentur
imperfect darer darēris, darēre darētur darēmur darēminī darentur
perfect datus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect datus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — dā — — date —
future — datō datō — datōte dantō
passive present — dare — — daminī —
future — dator dator — — dantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives dare dedisse datūrum esse darī datum esse datum īrī
participles dāns — datūrus — datus dandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
dandī dandō dandum dandō datum datū

衍生词(Derived terms)

派生词(Descendants)

  • Aromanian: dau, dari
  • Corsican: dà
  • Dalmatian: dur
  • Emilian: dèr
  • Friulian: dâ
  • Istriot: dà
  • Interlingua: dar
  • Istro-Romanian: dåu
  • Ladin: dé, dèr
  • Ligurian: dâ
  • Lombard: da, daa
  • Navarro-Aragonese: dar
  • Neapolitan: dà
  • Italian: dare
  • Old Leonese: dar
  • Old Portuguese: dar
    • Fala: dal
    • Galician: dar
    • Portuguese: dar
      • Angolar: ra
      • Annobonese: da
      • Guinea-Bissau Creole: da
      • Indo-Portuguese: dá
      • Kabuverdianu: da
      • Korlai Creole Portuguese: da
      • Macanese: dá
      • Kristang: da
      • Principense: da
      • Sãotomense: da
      • Saramaccan: dá
  • Old Occitan: dar
  • Old Spanish: dar
  • Piedmontese: dé
  • Romagnol: dê
  • Romanian: da, dare
  • Romansch: dar, der
  • Sabir: dar, dara
  • Sardinian: dàe, dai, dare
  • Sicilian: dari, rari
  • Tarantino: dare
  • Venetian: dar

查看更多(Further reading)

来源参考(References)

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Ligurian

发音(Pronunciation)

Contraction

do

  1. Contraction of de o.; of the (masculine singular)

Lower Sorbian

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do (with genitive)

  1. to, into
    • 1998, Erwin Hannusch, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bauzten: Domowina, →ISBN, p. 30:
      Jana chójźi hyšći do šule, wóna jo wuknica.
      Jana still goes to school; she is a schoolgirl.
    do Chóśebuza ― to Cottbus
    do jsy ― to the village, into the village
    do wognja ― into the fire
    do njebja ― to heaven

查看更多(Further reading)

  • do in Ernst Muka/Mucke (St. Petersburg and Prague 1911–28): Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow / Wörterbuch der nieder-wendischen Sprache und ihrer Dialekte. Reprinted 2008, Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
  • do in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Luxembourgish

发音(Pronunciation)

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Proto-Germanic *þar.

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. there, in that place

词源2(Etymology 2)

动词(Verb)

do

  1. second-person singular imperative of doen

Norwegian Bokmål

词源1(Etymology 1)

Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.

名词(Noun)

do m or n (definite singular doen or doet, indefinite plural doer or do, definite plural doene or doa)

  1. a toilet, a loo
    Synonyms: dass, toalett
衍生词(Derived terms)

词源2(Etymology 2)

名词(Noun)

do m

  1. do (the musical note)

来源参考(References)

Norwegian Nynorsk

词源1(Etymology 1)

Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do m or n (definite singular doen or doet, indefinite plural doar or do, definite plural doane or doa)

  1. a toilet, a loo
    Synonyms: dass, toalett

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Old Norse þó.

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. anyhow, still, nevertheless
衍生词(Derived terms)

For other terms please refer to do (Bokmål) for the time being.

词源3(Etymology 3)

From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do m (definite singular do-en, indefinite plural do-ar, definite plural do-ane)

  1. (music) do, a syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.
相关搭配(Coordinate terms)

词源4(Etymology 4)

动词(Verb)

do

  1. (obsolete) past singular of døy

来源参考(References)

变位词(Anagrams)

Old Irish

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Celtic *do (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun.)

  1. to, for

Inflection

Inflection of do

Combinations with a definite article:

  • don(d), dun(d) (“to/for the sg”)
  • donaib, dunaib (“to/for the pl”)

Combinations with a possessive determiner:

  • dom (“to/for my”)
  • dot (“to/for your sg”)
  • dia (“to/for his/her/their”)

Combinations with a relative pronoun:

  • dia· (“to/for whom/which”)

替代形式(Alternative forms)

代词(Pronoun)

do

  1. Alternative spelling of dó

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. Alternative spelling of dó

查看更多(Further reading)

Pennsylvania German

词源(Etymology)

Compare German da.

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. here
    Heit iss en Feierdaag do in Amerikaa.
    Today is a holiday here in America.

Polish

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do, whence English to.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do (+ genitive)

  1. to, towards, into
  2. until
  3. (with deadline) by

查看更多(Further reading)

  • do in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • do in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

替代形式(Alternative forms)

词源(Etymology)

From Old Portuguese do, from de (“of”) + o (“the”). Akin to Spanish del and French du.

发音(Pronunciation)

Contraction

do (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)

  1. Contraction of de o (“pertaining or relating to the”); of the; from the (masculine singular)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:do.

查看更多(See also)

  • da (feminine form)
  • dos (plural form)
  • das (feminine plural form)

Saterland Frisian

发音(Pronunciation)

词源1(Etymology 1)

See the etymology of the main entry.

Article

do

  1. plural of die

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Old Frisian thā, from Proto-Germanic *þan.

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. then

来源参考(References)

  • “die” in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
  • “do” in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch

Scottish Gaelic

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“your, thy”).

代词(Pronoun)

do

  1. your (informal singular)
    Bha iongantach do ghràdh dhomh. ― Wonderful was thy love for me.

用法注意(Usage notes)

  • Lenites the following word.
  • Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form d'.
    Bidh cuimhn’ agam ort, air d’ anam ghrinn. ― I will remember thee, thy dear soul.

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *tu (“to”).

Preposition

do

  1. to
    Bha e a' siubhal do Shasainn an-uiridh. ― He travelled to England last year.
  2. for
    Do dh'ar beatha, dhut, dhèanainn e. ― For our life, for thee, I would do it.

用法注意(Usage notes)

  • Lenites the following word.
  • Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel it takes the form do dh'.
    Tha sinn a' dol do dh'Ìle. ― We are going to Islay.
  • If the definite article in the singular follows, it combines with do into don:
    Fàilte don dùthaich. ― Welcome to the country.

同义词(Synonyms)

衍生词(Derived terms)

Person Number Prepositional pronoun Prepositional pronoun (emphatic)
Singular 1st dhomh dhomhsa
2nd dhut dhutsa
3rd m dha dhasan
3rd f dhi dhise
Plural 1st dhuinn dhuinne
2nd dhuibh dhuibhse
3rd dhaibh dhaibhsan

Serbo-Croatian

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.

发音(Pronunciation)

副词(Adverb)

dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏)

  1. only, except
    ni(t)ko do ja ― nobody but me, only me
    ne jede ništa do komad hljeba/hleba ― he eats nothing except a piece of bread
  2. around, approximately
    do dva metra ― around two meters
    do 5 kila ― around five kilograms
  3. due to, because of
    to je do hrane ― that's due to the food

Preposition

dȍ (Cyrillic spelling до̏) (+ genitive case)

  1. up to, to, until, as far as, by
    od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade
    od jutra do mraka / od 5 do 10 sati ― from morning to night / from 5 to 10 o'clock
    od vrha do dna ― from top to bottom
    do r(ij)eke ― as far as the river
    sad je pet do sedam ― now it's five minutes to seven
    do poned(j)eljka ― by Monday
    do sada ― so far, thus far, till now
    do nedavna ― until recently
    do dana današnjega ― to this very day
    sve do ― as far as up to, all the way to
    do kuda ― how far
    do tuda ― thus far, up to here
  2. before (= prȉje/prȅ)
    do rata ― before the war
  3. beside, next (to)
    s(j)edi do mene ― sit next to me
    jedan do drugoga ― side by side
  4. (by extension, idiomatic and figurative meanings) up to one; interested in; feel like
    nije mi do toga ― I don't feel like doing that
    nije mi do sm(ij)eha ― I don't feel like laughing
    njemu je samo do seksa ― he is only interested in sex
    nije mi puno stalo do toga ― I'm not very much interested in that
    nije do mene ― it's not up to me, it's no me to lame

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Proto-Slavic *dolъ.

替代形式(Alternative forms)

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑)

  1. (regional, Bosnia, Serbia) dale, small valley
变化形式(Declension)
Declension of do
衍生词(Derived terms)

词源3(Etymology 3)

Borrowed from Italian do.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

dȏ m (Cyrillic spelling до̑) (indeclinable)

  1. (music) do

来源参考(References)

  • “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “do” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do (+ genitive)

  1. into, in, to, until

查看更多(Further reading)

  • do in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

词源(Etymology)

From Proto-Slavic *do.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do

  1. (with genitive) by (some time before the given time)
  2. (with genitive) till

查看更多(Further reading)

  • “do”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

发音(Pronunciation)

  • IPA(key): /do/, [d̪o]
  • Hyphenation: do

词源1(Etymology 1)

Borrowed from Italian do.

名词(Noun)

do m (plural dos)

  1. do (musical note)
  2. C (musical note or key)

查看更多(See also)

词源2(Etymology 2)

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + adverb o (“in where”).

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. (obsolete) where
    Synonym: donde (modern)

代词(Pronoun)

do

  1. (obsolete) where
    Synonym: donde (modern)
衍生词(Derived terms)

Taworta

名词(Noun)

do

  1. fire

查看更多(Further reading)

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Turkish

名词(Noun)

do

  1. C (musical note)

Venetian

动词(Verb)

do

  1. first-person singular present indicative of dar (“I give”)

Vietnamese

词源(Etymology)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 由.

发音(Pronunciation)

Preposition

do

  1. (neutral passive voice marker) by
    Hầu hết các mô hình dưỡng lão đều do nhà nước bảo trợ, […]
    Most of the aged care models are sponsored by the state, […]
  2. because of; due to

关联词(Related terms)

Volapük

Conjunction

do

  1. though, although, even though

Welsh

发音(Pronunciation)

IPA(key): /doː/

词源1(Etymology 1)

副词(Adverb)

do

  1. yes
  2. indeed
    Do, es i i'r parc ddoe.
    Yes, I went to the park yesterday.

用法注意(Usage notes)

  • Used to express an affirmative answer to verbs in the past tense.

词源2(Etymology 2)

替代形式(Alternative forms)

  • da (colloquial)
  • deuaf (literary)
  • dof (literary)

动词(Verb)

do

  1. (colloquial) first-person singular future of dod

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
do ddo no unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

词源3(Etymology 3)

名词(Noun)

do

  1. Soft mutation of to.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
to do nho tho
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Frisian

词源1(Etymology 1)

From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

发音(Pronunciation)

代词(Pronoun)

do

  1. (Clay) you; informal second-person singular pronoun
    Ik hâld fan dy. ― I love you.
Inflection
West Frisian personal pronouns
替代形式(Alternative forms)
查看更多(Further reading)
  • “do (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

词源2(Etymology 2)

From Old Frisian *dūve, from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do c (plural dowen, diminutive doke)

  1. pigeon, dove
查看更多(Further reading)
  • “do (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

词源3(Etymology 3)

Borrowed from Italian do.

发音(Pronunciation)

名词(Noun)

do c (plural do's)

  1. do (musical note)
查看更多(Further reading)
  • “do (IV)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zazaki

词源(Etymology)

Related to Persian دوغ‎ (duğ) and Tajik дуғ (duġ).

名词(Noun)

do ?

  1. airan

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