【material】在多语言下的意思、翻译、词源、用法、例句

英语(English)

词源(Etymology)

From Middle English material, from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”). Displaced native Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”) (from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”)).

发音(Pronunciation)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /məˈtɪɹi.əl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /məˈtɪəɹɪəl/

• Audio (US, California)

• Hyphenation: ma‧te‧ri‧al

形容词(Adjective)

material (comparative more material, superlative most material)

1. Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.

   This compound has a number of interesting material properties.

   • 1913, Alfred Bowyer Sharpe, Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Evil

     the material elements of the universe

2. Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.

   Don't let material concerns get in the way of living a happy life.

   Antonym: spiritual

3. (law, accounting) Significant.

   You've made several material contributions to this project.

   This is the most material fact in this lawsuit.

   • 1685 March 20, John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 10 March 1685 (Julian calendar)]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […] , volume I, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn,[…], published 1819, OCLC 976971842:

     discourse, which was always material, not trifling

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding.[…], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset,[…], OCLC 153628242, book I, page 3:

     I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.

   Antonym: immaterial

同义词(Synonyms)

• (related to matter): See also Thesaurus:substantial
• (worldly): mundane
• (significant): See also Thesaurus:pertinent

衍生词(Derived terms)

翻译(Translations)

名词(Noun)

material (countable and uncountable, plural materials)

1. Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.

   Asphalt, composed of oil and sand, is a widely used material for roads.

   • 1820, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature‎^[1], volume 20, 6th edition, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, page 501:

     In trumpets for assisting the hearing, all reverbation of the trumpet must be avoided. It must be made thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally. For all reverbation lasts for a short time, and produces new sounds which mix with those which are coming in.

   • 2012 March 1, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 128:

     Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2. Text written for a specific purpose.

   We were a warm-up act at the time; we didn't have enough original material to headline.

3. A sample or specimens for study.
   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

     With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]

4. Cloth to be made into a garment. Fabric.

   You'll need about a yard of material to make this.

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

     Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.

5. The people collectively who are qualified for a certain position or activity.

   boyfriend material, girlfriend material, wifey material

   John Doe is a great governor, and I also believe he is presidential material.

   He is not the only one. I believe we have lots of presidential material in various public offices.

6. Related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book.
   • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

     Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

7. The substance that something is made or composed of.
   • 2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

     As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

8. (chess) All of a player's pieces and pawns on the chessboard.

用法注意(Usage notes)

• Sense 4 ("cloth" or "fabric") rather awkwardly uses material to refer to a holonym (or subgroup, or, in this case, a more specific iteration) of itself. "Fabric" or "cloth" are more specific (or put another way, less vague) choices of word than "material" when referring to a textile.

同义词(Synonyms)

• See also Thesaurus:material

衍生词(Derived terms)

关联词(Related terms)

• matter

翻译(Translations)

查看更多(See also)

• materiel

动词(Verb)

material (third-person singular simple present materials, present participle materialling, simple past and past participle materialled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To form from matter; to materialize.
   • 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici

     I believe that the whole frame of a beast doth perish, and is left in the same state after death as before it was materialled unto life.

变位词(Anagrams)

• Armalite

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Catalan

词源(Etymology)

From Latin materialis.

发音(Pronunciation)

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /mə.tə.ɾiˈal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ma.te.ɾiˈal/

形容词(Adjective)

material (masculine and feminine plural materials)

1. material (clarification of this definition is needed)

名词(Noun)

material m (plural materials)

1. material (clarification of this definition is needed)

关联词(Related terms)

• matèria

查看更多(Further reading)

• “material” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Crimean Tatar

词源(Etymology)

From Latin materialis.

名词(Noun)

material

1. material

变化形式(Declension)

来源参考(References)

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[2], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

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Galician

名词(Noun)

material m (plural materiais)

1. material

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Indonesian

词源(Etymology)

From Dutch materiaal, from Middle Dutch materiael, from Middle French material, from Old French material, from Latin māteriālis.

发音(Pronunciation)

• IPA^(key): [ma.teˈri.al]
• Hyphenation: ma‧té‧ri‧al

名词(Noun)

material (plural material-material, first-person possessive materialku, second-person possessive materialmu, third-person possessive materialnya)

1. material: matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.

关联词(Related terms)

查看更多(Further reading)

• “material” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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中古英语(Middle English)

替代形式(Alternative forms)

• materiel, materiall, materyal, materyall, matryal

词源(Etymology)

From Latin māteriālis; equivalent to matere +‎ -al.

发音(Pronunciation)

• IPA^(key): /matɛriˈaːl/, /maːtɛriˈaːl/, /maˈtɛːrial/, /matɛriˈɛːl/, /maˈtɛːriɛl/

形容词(Adjective)

material (plural and weak singular materiale)

1. Extant in matter or having physical form; material.
2. Not supernatural or spiritual; regular, conventional, worldly.
3. Being the physical attributes or properties of a thing.
4. Affecting or modifying physical matter or attributes.
5. (rare) Prominent, significant.

派生词(Descendants)

• English: material

来源参考(References)

• “mā̆teriāl (adj.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-12.

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Norwegian Bokmål

词源(Etymology)

From Late Latin materiale.

名词(Noun)

material n (definite singular materialet, indefinite plural material or materialer, definite plural materiala or materialene)

1. alternative form of materiale

衍生词(Derived terms)

• råmaterial

来源参考(References)

• “material” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Portuguese

词源(Etymology)

Borrowed from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”).

发音(Pronunciation)

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.te.ɾi.ˈaw/, /ma.te.ˈɾjaw/
• Hyphenation: ma‧te‧ri‧al

名词(Noun)

material m (plural materiais)

1. material; stuff (the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object)
2. material (sample or specimens for study)
   1. footage (amount of film produced)
   2. (education) resources used in class
3. tackle; supplies; gear; rig (objects collected for use in a particular activity)

   material escolar ― school supplies

   material de pesca ― fishing gear

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:material.

形容词(Adjective)

material m or f (plural materiais, comparable)

1. (chemistry) material (relating to or composed of matter)
2. (religion) material; worldly (relating to physical rather than spiritual matters)

   Synonym: terreno

3. (of a person, derogatory) materialistic; consumeristic (obsessed with consumer goods)

   Synonyms: materialista, consumista

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:material.

衍生词(Derived terms)

• materialismo
• materialista
• materialmente

关联词(Related terms)

• matéria

查看更多(Further reading)

• “material” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

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Spanish

词源(Etymology)

From Late Latin māteriālis.

形容词(Adjective)

material (plural materiales)

1. material

名词(Noun)

material m (plural materiales)

1. material

衍生词(Derived terms)

• materialmente
• material particulado

关联词(Related terms)

• materialismo
• materialista
• materia

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Swedish

发音(Pronunciation)

• Audio

名词(Noun)

material n

1. a material
2. a matter, a subject (of study)

变化形式(Declension)

Declension of material
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	material	materialet	material	materialen
Genitive	materials	materialets	materials	materialens

关联词(Related terms)

• bildmaterial
• forskningsmaterial
• informationsmaterial
• materialförvaltare
• materialism
• materialist
• materialkategori
• materialprovning
• materialtyp
• materiel
• materiell
• textmaterial
• tidningsmaterial

查看更多(Further reading)

• material in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)