【short】在多语言下的意思、翻译、词源、用法、例句

英语(English)

词源(Etymology)

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.

Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”), Russian коро́ткий (korótkij, “short, brief”). Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

发音(Pronunciation)

• enPR: shôrt
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ʃɔːt/

• Audio (RP)

• (US)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ʃɔɹt/

  • Audio (GA)

  • (St. Louis (Missouri)) IPA^(key): [ʃɑɹt]
• (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ʃoːt/

• Audio (AU)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t

形容词(Adjective)

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

1. Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
2. (of a person) Of comparatively small height.
3. Having little duration.

   Antonym: long

   • 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, page 172:

     Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.

   Our meeting was a short six minutes today. Every day for the past month it’s been at least twenty minutes long.

4. (followed by for) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).

   “Phone” is short for “telephone” and "asap" short for "as soon as possible".

5. (cricket, of a fielder or fielding position) that is relatively close to the batsman.
6. (cricket, of a ball) that bounced relatively far from the batsman.
7. (golf, of an approach shot or putt) that falls short of the green or the hole.
8. (of pastries) Brittle, crumbly, especially due to the use of a large quantity of fat. (See shortbread, shortcake, shortcrust, shortening.)
   • 2013, Heston Blumenthal, Historic Heston, →ISBN, page 122:

     I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that a short pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)

9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant.

   He gave a short answer to the question.

10. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.

    a short supply of provisions

11. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.

    to be short of money

    I'd lend you the cash but I'm a little short at present.

    The cashier came up short ten dollars on his morning shift.

12. Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.

    an account which is short of the truth

    • 1829, Walter Savage Landor, “The Emperor Alexander and Capo D'Istria”, in Imaginary Conversations, volume IV:

      […] the people are worn down with taxes, and hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war.

13. (colloquial) Undiluted; neat.
14. (obsolete) Not distant in time; near at hand.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene.[…], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book IV, canto XII, stanza 18:

      Marinell was sore offended / That his departure thence should be so short.

    • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641.[…], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, OCLC 937919305:

      He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a short day.

    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume I, London: A[ndrew] Millar[…], OCLC 928184292:

      But, alas! he who escapes from death is not pardoned; he is only reprieved, and reprieved to a short day.

15. Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.

    I'm short General Motors because I think their sales are plunging.

用法注意(Usage notes)

• (having a small distance between ends or edges): Short is often used in the positive vertical dimension and used as is shallow in the negative vertical dimension; in the horizontal dimension narrow is more commonly used.

同义词(Synonyms)

• (having a small distance between ends or edges): low, narrow, slim, shallow
• (of a person, of comparatively little height): little, pint-sized, petite, titchy (slang)
• (having little duration): brief, concise
• (constituting an abbreviation (for)): an abbreviation of, a short form of

反义词(Antonyms)

• (having a small distance between ends or edges): tall, high, wide, broad, deep, long
• (of a person, of comparatively little height): tall
• (having little duration): long
• (cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman): long
• (financial position expecting falling value): long

翻译(Translations)

副词(Adverb)

short (not comparable)

1. Abruptly, curtly, briefly.

   They had to stop short to avoid hitting the dog in the street.

   He cut me short repeatedly in the meeting.

   The boss got a message and cut the meeting short.

2. Unawares.

   The recent developments at work caught them short.

3. Without achieving a goal or requirement.

   His speech fell short of what was expected.

4. (cricket, of the manner of bounce of a cricket ball) Relatively far from the batsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite of full.
5. (finance) With a negative ownership position.

   We went short most finance companies in July.

衍生词(Derived terms)

• three stops short of Dagenham

翻译(Translations)

名词(Noun)

short (plural shorts)

1. A short circuit.
2. A short film.
   • 2012 July 12, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift[2]

     Preceded by a Simpsons short shot in 3-D—perhaps the only thing more superfluous than a fourth Ice Age movie—Ice Age: Continental Drift finds a retinue of vaguely contemporaneous animals coping with life in the post-Pangaea age.

3. A short version of a garment in a particular size.

   38 short suits fit me right off the rack.

   Do you have that size in a short?

4. (baseball) A shortstop.

   Jones smashes a grounder between third and short.

5. (finance) A short seller.

   The market decline was terrible, but the shorts were buying champagne.

6. (finance) A short sale.

   He closed out his short at a modest loss after three months.

7. A summary account.
   • c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     For the short and the long is, our play is preferred.

8. (phonetics) A short sound, syllable, or vowel.
   • 1877, Henry Sweet, A Handbook of Phonetics, page 18:

     If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and longs in English, as in ‘bit’ and ‘beat’, ‘not’ and ‘naught’, we find that the short vowels are generally wide (i, ɔ), the long narrow (i, ɔ), besides being generally diphthongic as well.

9. (programming) An integer variable having a smaller range than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
10. (US, slang) An automobile; especially in crack shorts, to break into automobiles.
    • 1975, Mary Sanches, Ben G. Blount, Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use (page 47)

      For example, one addict would crack shorts (break and enter cars) and usually obtain just enough stolen goods to buy stuff and get off just before getting sick.

    • 1982, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, Career Criminal Life Sentence Act of 1981: Hearings (page 87)

      […] list of all crimes reported by these 61 daily criminals during their years on the street is: theft (this includes shoplifting; "cracking shorts", burglary and other forms of stealing), dealing, forgery, gambling, confidence games (flim-flam, etc.) […]

翻译(Translations)

查看更多(See also)

• shorts

动词(Verb)

short (third-person singular simple present shorts, present participle shorting, simple past and past participle shorted)

1. (transitive) To cause a short circuit in (something).
2. (intransitive) Of an electrical circuit, to short circuit.
3. (transitive) To shortchange.
4. (transitive) To provide with a smaller than agreed or labeled amount.

   This is the third time I’ve caught them shorting us.

5. (transitive, business) To sell something, especially securities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; to sell short.
6. (obsolete) To shorten.

翻译(Translations)

Preposition

short

1. Deficient in.

   We are short a few men on the second shift.

   He's short common sense.

2. (finance) Having a negative position in.

   I don’t want to be short the market going into the weekend.

同义词(Synonyms)

• (deficient in): lacking, short on

翻译(Translations)

衍生词(Derived terms)

变位词(Anagrams)

• Stohr, horst, hotrs, thors, trosh

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Albanian

词源(Etymology)

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin sors, sortem.

名词(Noun)

short m

1. drawing (action where the outcome is selected by chance using a draw)
2. sweepstakes

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Chinese

词源(Etymology)

From English short.

发音(Pronunciation)

形容词(Adjective)

short

1. (Cantonese) insane; crazy

衍生词(Derived terms)

动词(Verb)

short

1. (Cantonese, of electronics) to malfunction
2. (Cantonese, electrical engineering) to short-circuit

来源参考(References)

• 《粵典》 [3]

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French

词源(Etymology)

From English shorts.

发音(Pronunciation)

• IPA^(key): /ʃɔʁt/

• audio

名词(Noun)

short m (plural shorts)

1. shorts, short trousers (UK)

   Avec un pantalon, j'ai moins froid aux jambes qu'avec un short.

   “With trousers on, my legs are not as cold as with shorts on.”

查看更多(Further reading)

• “short” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Italian

词源(Etymology)

From English short.

名词(Noun)

short m (invariable)

1. short (short film etc)

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中古英语(Middle English)

形容词(Adjective)

short

1. Alternative form of schort

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Portuguese

替代形式(Alternative forms)

• shorts

词源(Etymology)

From English shorts.

名词(Noun)

short m (plural shorts)

1. shorts (pants that do not go lower than the knees)

   Synonym: calção

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Spanish

词源(Etymology)

From English shorts.

发音(Pronunciation)

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃort/, [ˈʃort̪]

名词(Noun)

short m (plural shorts)

1. shorts